Forging press



April 9, 35.

B. D. MARSHAL ET AL FORGING PliEss Filed Aug. 31, 1931 4 Sheets-Sh 1 will Ill.

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April 9, 1935. MARSHALL ET AL 1,996,818.

FORGING PRESS Filed Aug. 51, 1951 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 ea Won/k4 April 1935. B. D. MARSHALL ET AL FORGING PRESS Filed Aug. 31, 1931 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 A m w 2 gwwzntou S U k x w 8. w J M V 13:15am! 11%75/74/1, Jag/1 .Oeun & jab: IITom/zead.

g s w n April 9, 1935. B. D. MARSHALL ET AL 1,996,813

FORGINGL PRESS Filed Aug. 31, 1931 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Patented Apr. 9, 1935 Y *LPUNITEP TA S PATENT! fOFnct 1,996,818 FRGING PRESS" I Bertrand D. Marshall, Hugh Dean, and John Moorhead, Detroit, Mich, assignors to General -Motors Corporation, Detroit, Mich, a corporation of Delaware Application August 31, 193}, SerialNtt 560,372

r 4 01m lor s-99) v mounted at the rear thereof the electric motor;

This invention relates to forging presses and has particular reference to a press adaptedto work or operateon stock material to give theretoa definite form depending on the shape of the part desired;

In the past it has been the practice to; roll or work the piece of stock while in a heated state to give thereto the shape desired. It has been found that by using the forging method disclosed in the press in the instant application that production was speeded, and the desired part obtained in better form and at less cost. I r t In the-disclosure of the present invention, a stem pinion forging for use in automobile practice is made, but the machine is capable of making any suitable part by changingthe punches so as to give to the part the desired shape...

The machine of the drawings comprises an upright frame in which there is reciprocally mounted a head containing a pluralityof dies or punches which shape the work. A plurality of two part dies is positioned below the punches which dies are closed when the punches descend on the Work. In their. closed position, the diesrigidly holdthe work so that the punches may give thereto a definite shape. The work, or bars of stock, is fed tothe-punches by means of a reciprocal rack which moves in unison with the reciprocation of the punches. A second stationary rack positioned over the first cooperates with the movable rack and compels the work to move in one direction only. The movable rack is reciprocated by a cam operating on a roller secured to the rack, the cam moving in unison with the punches.

The'cam has a second cam surface which operates aloader which'feeds'a bar ofstock'to'the feed rack for each operation of the punches.

On the drawings: Figure 1 is a front elevation of. the. machine with the bearing of the cam for operating the punch head shown in section.

Figure 2 is a side elevation of the structure of Figure 1 looking from the right.

Figure 3 is a section on the line -3--3 of Figure 2. 1

Figure 4 is a section on the line 4-4 of Figure 1. Figure 5 is a section on the line 55 of Figure 1 .Figure 6 is aplan view of the feeding mech-' V 82 normally urge the cam blocks 66;,away'from I the worl; or toward the ends-of the bottom'plate: when considering the-structure of Figure 5. Q

anism. r

I Figure '7 is on the line 'll of Figured. H I

Figure 8 is a perspective view of the loader and the cam for operating the feed rack. j I

On the drawings, the numeral 2 indicates the 1 upright frame of the press. a The ress has a sectional view takensubstantially- 4 onthe shaft v6 of which there is securedjthe pinion'8 which dirves the gear in secured to shaft I2 having the flywheel 14 mounted on onejf end thereof The shaft extends throu'gh the rear of the frame 2 and-has the pinion. l6 secured to ,its other end. The pinion l6 meshes with the gear wheel l8 to drive the same. v is secured toa shaft 20 which is mounted in The gear [8 the hearings in the machine and has the cam 22 thereon, operating in a bearing 24 formedin the reciprocal head 26, having the guides ZB'se: curedthereto. The guides fit on the corresponding parts of the frame. 2 .andguide the head 26 in the upward and downward movement by therotationof thecam .22.

At the lower portion of the head 26 caused rigidly securedthe' block 30 secured thereto by the bolts 32. The block 30 has rigidly and permanently mounted thereon the punches 34,- 36,

33 and-leach of which gives tothe stock or V that is;

the pieces of stock or work 42 the sha at 46, 48, 50 and "52 (Figure 3).

pes shown I Secured to each side of the block 30 by means of machine screws 54 are the die operating camblocks 56.. Each block-56has the hardened cam members 58 and 60 secured thereto by machine screws 62, and the hardened members 64 secured 68 and have the hardened cam members 10 and 12 which cooperate with the hardened cam members 58 and 60 of the cams56. The bed-plate 68 has the hardened members 14 whichcooperate with; the hardened members 64 to reduce wear on the parts. Each cam block-68 has a slot l6 -t herein to accommodate a bolt 78, screwthreaded as at into the cam block 66, and ex tending outside the bed 68 and having a coil. spring82 between its head 84 and the outer sur-.

face of the bottom plate 68.

The coil springs operates with'hardened members 88 on th tom ofjthe die cam blocks 66.

e bot- The innermost portion of the die cam blocks 66 hasmounted therein the two part dies which grasp-or hold the work 42 when they are pushed together by the die cam blocks 66 as shown in Figure 5. When the head 26 and the block 30 rise, the cam operating blocks 56 will leave the die cam blocks- 66 to permit the springs, 82 to pull the cam block: 66 and dies, 90away from the work. The purpose of this structure later will be described. I

The block 36 has secured thereto the guiding rods 92 which operate in openings 94 in the-bed plate 66. The openings 94,have the. bushing. 96', therein to reduce the wear, The 'guiderods 92 will guide the block 36 with referencetothe bed plate 68 in the reciprocating movements of the head 26. I I

By referring to Figures 1 and 2,'it will be noted i that the shaft 20'has'eccentrically mountedon the end thereof the ,pin I60 on which there is journaled the bearing I62-;of a rod -IIl4 having the adjustment or turnbu'okle I96 intermediate its. ends. The rodv I64 iS 'Cll1VEd as best shownin Figure land hasa-journa1 I68 at its end;for-

receiving a pin I I0 which1passes through the, fork; IIZof acam plate II4.- 'A'cam plate I'I4-is'slid ablymounted'jin a retainingmember II5 on an extension frame II GieXtending away from the frame 2 of the press. The cam plate has the cam opening IZIl therein in which there is received a roller I22permanently secured to' a feed rack I24 reciprocably slidable in; the extensionframe' II6.- The opening I20 has the parallel'vertical sides l26 and theinclined upperand lower sides I28-which act-to reciprocate the feed rack I24.- On the downward movementof the cam plate I I 4 I (Figure 8) the roller and'cam will give no move mentto the rack -I24 whilethe roller is passing 7 over the sides I26; As soonasthe roller strikesthe end of the sides I26,- the upper sideof he cam plate I I4 will force" the roller I 22 andrack I24 to the left where iit-will remain until the: vertical side I26 at the'opposite side'ofthe plate rides: over the when When the roller strikes -the lower inclinedsurface I28; the cam plate II4 will force the roller-and rack I24 to the right; An-upwardand downwardmovement of the cam plate II 4 will therefore give a reciprocatory movement tothe feed rack-I24. V

At 'the end-of the-extension frame II6- there is pivoted at I30 a segment or loader member I32; The segment has the groove I34 at its face which isadapted to receive the work orbar of stock 42 from a suitable y-shapedhopper'having incIined sides and throughan opening in the bottom-of; which the-segment I32 operates.' The segment has an arm I36 theend of which is forked to receive a roller- I38.- The roller I38 cooperates with a cam surface I46 On the' cam plate 4; As the cam platedescends from-theposition shown in Figure 8 to that shown-in Figure 3-, the cam plate I I4andcam surface 146 will strike the roller and I cause thesegment to be swung on its pivot I30- from-the position of Figure 8 to the position of" Figure 3. Thebar of stock42 which was takenfrom the'hopper in the groove' I34 of the segment will therefore be raised to the uprightposition shown in Figure-Sin which position it is taken by-the feed rack and pulled toward the punches.

Segment I32 has the-recess or-cut out portion I42 to'permit-the feedracb-IM to'grip around the bar of sto\ 2k ;42,- in a manner-later to be described,

Referring to Figuresfi and-L I; the feed rack I 24 I46 which have the inwardly extending projections M1 at suitably spaced intervals. Between the side bars I44 and I46 and the projections I 41, there are positioned the internal bars I48 and I5!) secured to the bars I44 and I46 by means of studs I52. The studs I52 are screw-threaded to the-bars I44 and I 46 and have heads which are slidably received in; suitable openings the bars I48 and I50. Coil springs I54 resiliently urge the bars-448 and I56 toward each other and away 1 from the bars I44 and I46. The inner bars I48 and A56 are formed to a configuration shown at I56,v the shape ofwhich will depend on the shapeof the blank orbar of stock which is used. In the -present invention, a cylindrical bar of stock js shown and the shape I56 will therefore be generally of, conical. form with a cylinder at the largeend of the cone. The bar of stock is received in.,the large or cylindrical portion of the cone-shape. V

Immediately above the; feed rack II I24; there is' positioned a second rack I58 which has two-- bars 159, in all respects similar to the bars I48; I50 0f the rack- I24. The rack l58 also terminates I immediately upon reaching the block-30 and a similar rack -I 66 is provided at the I other end of the machine.-

The segment I32 raises thepiece of work or bar' of stook 42 to apositionwhere it may be taken by therack I24 and places I it I onthe end of a plate I'III -over which the-work rides when it is moved by the rack I24. In the plate I'III-there is provided a plurality-of rectangular openings I I2 and'in the frame I I6,-'- immediately belowthe plate; there are-mating but smaller openings I'I4.-' In the bottom of the openings -I'I4,= there are-positionedthe -coilsprings I I6 which press upwardlyon the end of the shank I18 of thebolt I ;=l 1aving a rectangular head 132 fitting the "openings II2.'- The springs RS -project the-heads I 82 a little abovethe --surface'- of the plate I16 as shown in Figure 3; The sideof thehead I82 =toward thesegment- I 32 has the inclined surface I 84 which permits the-stock readily to ride thereover. The Y springs I'I6 -are rather weak and-only-sufficient 4 to force the heads I82 'to the position shown in Figure 3; When the barofstockreaches the in-' clinedportion I84,-- the weight thereof will depress the head and the opening I12 so that the bar of stock42will-ride pastthe head: When-- the rack-l24 is reciprocated to the right in Figure 3,- the projecting-portion of the head-I84 and the II rack I58 will prevent the rearward movement' ofthe bar-of stock 42;" however, when the feed rack- I24 is-moved=tothe left (Figure 3) the bar of stock in the cylindrical portion ofthe configuration I56 will be pulled forward to the next position.

The feed rack I24 extends entirely through' the machine from the segment I 32 to the oppositeend of the machinebelowthe stationary-rack I 60:;

Referring to Figure 3, it -will be seenthat the first- I punch 34 gives to the bar I of- 'stock 4 2 the shape shownat 46. The die' of-course, cooperates withthe punch to give-the desired shape.

The second operation on the bar of stock is -byo5 formed by the punch 38 in cooperation with thedie-90 to give-the piece of -'workthe-shape shown at 50. In the form shown, thearticle produced a stem -pinion.-- I I 1 7 The final operationis performed by the punch-- 4 (band die-90 f but the form -ofthe work is not comprises the two side orex ternal =bars'- l44 andchanged-. Atthis station, indicatedat-M there ie 75" shorn from the work by the die 90".

rotation of the cam 22 will reciprocate the head 26 and block 30 secured thereto to cause the punches 34 to successively to act on the pieceof work 42 so that the work will leave the machine in the form shown at 52 in Figure 3. V Simultaneously with the rotation of the shaft 20 carrying the cam 22 the eccentric I00 will operate the rod I04 and cam plate I I4. When the cam 22 is operating to force the punches downward,'the eccentric I02 is'substantially at its uppermost position and will begin to move the cam plate I I 4 downward. During the first position. of the downward movement of the cam plate I I4, the roller will travel up the right hand vertical side I26 (Figure 8) of the cam opening I20. This will produce no movement in the rack I24. The inclined side I28 at the upper portion of the cam opening I20 will finally strike the roller. ward movement of the cam plate will cause the upper side I28 to force the roller I22 and its rack I24 to the left in Figure 8 or to the right in Fig-.

ure 3. This movement of the rack will continue until the roller strikes the vertical left hand face I26, at which time the eccentric I02 is in its lowermost position. The eccentric now starts to raise the cam plate and the roller will travel on the left hand face I26 of the cam (Figure 8) to pro duce no movement of the rack. When the roller has traveled the length of the left hand face I20, the cam 22 will have withdrawn the punches and separated the dies 90, 90', 90" and 90" from the work. As the roller travels over the lower face I28, it will push the rack I24 to the right in Figure 8 or to the left in Figure 3. At the same time that the cam plate I I4 descends to move the rack I24 to the rear, the cam edge I40 will strikethe roller I38 to swing. the segment upward to bring a heated bar of stock 42 t0 the position shown in Figure 3. The end ofthe rack at the middle is tapered as shown at I 94 in Figure 7. This tapered portion will strike the work 42 and cause the inner bar members I48 and I50 to spread against the tension of the springs, the bar being finally received within the cylindrical portion of the formation I56. When the rack moves to the left in Figure 3, it will pull the bar from the segment I32. The repeated reciprocation of the feed rack I24 will move the stock step by step through the The continued down-v machine. When the feed rack I24 moves-to the right in Figure 3, the bar of stock will be held by the upper stationary rack I58 and the heads I82 of the .bolts I18. The inner rack bars I40 and I50 will separate to allow the movement of the rack. Similarly, the bars I59 spreadon the movement of the rack I24 toward the machine. At the left hand side of the machine (Figure 1) the feeding rack I 24 will finally pull the work entirely from the machine where it suitable receptacle.

We claim:

1. In a forging press, a plurality of punches will fall to a for operating on the work, a feed rack for feeding unformed work to the punches, means for reciprocating said rack, a second rack cooperating with the first to cause the work to move in one direction only, a plurality of ,dies to hold the work while the punches are operating thereon, means to operate the dies to move them to and from the work, and means to reciprocate the punches to cause them to operate on the work, each punch operating on a different piece of work and giving a definite shape thereto;

2. In a forging press, a plurality of punches for operating on the work, a feed rack for feeding unformed work to the punches, means for reciprocating said rack, a second rack cooperating with the first to cause the work to move in one direction only, a plurality of two-part dies to hold the work while the punches are operating thereon, means to reciprocate the-two parts to and from the work to cause the two parts to become engaged to hold the work or disengaged to release the work, means to reciprocate the punches to cause them to operate on the work, each punch operating on a difierent piece of work and giving a definite shape thereto.

3. In a rack for moving the work into a pres a pair of side bars, a pair of bars between said side bars, resilient means between the interior and exterior bars urging said interior bars toward each other, and means on the interior bars to: grip the work.

v4. In a forging press, a plurality of punches for operating on the work, a feed rack for moving the work in a vertical position to the punches, 

